A comparison of the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without metabolic syndrome

Introduction This study was aimed at analyzing, modeling, and comparing the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with without metabolic syndrome (MS). Material methods A cross-sectional from July 2017 to 2019 performed by tracing DM who received treatment an out-patient clinic a mydriatic examination ophthalmologist in single institute south Taiwan. total 802 DR were recruited divided into two groups based on whether they had MS for this study. We analyzed impact potential related these groups. Results The sample consisted patients; 282 did not have MS, 520 did. comparison revealed that level glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) co-risk factor DR. However, female sex, betel quid chewing, family history DM, higher cholesterol found be MS. Betel especially, could exacerbate disease condition elevate Conclusions Of those factors, chewing may main reason deterioration raised Hence, we recommend should avoided prevent